Multimodal LLM developments in 2024 include a comprehensive comparison of two main approaches: Unified Embedding-Decoder Architecture (NVLM-D) and Cross-Modality Attention Architecture (NVLM-X). NVLM-D aligns text and image tokens for processing, while NVLM-X integrates them through cross-attention mechanisms. A hybrid model (NVLM-H) combines both methods, offering optimal performance by handling high-resolution images efficiently and achieving higher accuracy in OCR tasks. Multimodal LLMs are expected to continue evolving in 2025 with further integration of these techniques.
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