From Chaos to Causality: Debugging Multi-Agent Systems

The Counterfactual Replay Engine is a critical component in moving beyond mere suspicion and into concrete causal reasoning. It leverages the insights gathered from initial attribution to test hypotheses about what would have happened if certain components had behaved differently during execution. Here’s how it works:

Setting Up the Experiment

1. Identify Key Components: Based on the backward propagation, identify the most suspicious components in the system.
2. Create a Replay Context:
   • Execution Trace: Capture the entire sequence of events from the original execution.
   • Component States: Record the state and behavior of each component involved.
   • Inputs and Outputs: Document all inputs provided to and outputs generated by these components.

Running Counterfactual Scenarios

1. Modify Component Behavior:

   • For each suspicious component, simulate a scenario where it behaves correctly or differently as hypothesized.
   • For example, if the router is suspected of choosing an incorrect agent, simulate a correct routing decision.

2. Replay Execution:

   • Re-run the execution trace with the modified behavior for the identified components.
   • Observe and record the new sequence of events and outcomes.

Evaluating Results

1. **Outcome Analysis

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