Iran-linked Handala breached California Water Service, compromising 2 million customer accounts and an internet-exposed GPS infrastructure system serving seven districts. The attack leveraged RTKBase, an open-source GNSS application accessible on port 10000, as a stepping stone to reach billing systems, revealing inadequate network segmentation between GPS infrastructure and customer billing environments. Handala has documented precedent for escalating from data theft to destructive attacks; security teams should treat this breach as a probable precursor to system disruption.
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