AI is highly profitable at the chip and fabrication layers, where NVIDIA and TSMC capture 56% and 45% net margins respectively, but devastating losses persist among frontier model labs, cloud builders, and AI applications lacking infrastructure control. Profitability concentrates where companies own critical bottlenecks—those without face competition that erodes margins to near zero. Developers should understand most AI revenue flows upstream to semiconductor manufacturers, making current AI spending durability hinge on whether enterprise demand scales fast enough to justify the capital intensity at the gates.
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Ali NematiWritten by Ali
