Next.js employs a four-tiered caching system: request memoization, data cache, full route cache, and router cache, each with distinct scopes and lifecycles. Understanding these layers is crucial to avoid common caching bugs and performance issues. Request memoization deduplicates fetches within a single render, the data cache provides persistent server-side storage, the full route cache stores static HTML, and the router cache aids client-side navigation. Misinterpreting these boundaries can lead to serving stale data or inefficient resource usage.
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