The Supreme Federal Court (STF) in Brazil has played a significant role in shaping Brazilian politics and society over the years. Here are some key points about its structure, recent decisions, and historical controversies:
Structure and Procedures
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Opinion Writing:
- The STF is a seriatim court, meaning there is no single "opinion of the court." Instead, each justice writes their own opinion.
- One justice will write the ementa, which is a summary of the decision that obtained majority support within the court. This justice's individual opinion will be the first one in the published decision.
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Assigning Opinion Writers:
- The case rapporteur typically writes the ementa if they are part of the winning coalition.
- If the rapporteur is not in the majority, then the first justice who disagrees with the rapporteur and is part of the majority will write it.
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Public Deliberations:
- All judgments are public, including deliberations between justices, which can be attended by anyone or viewed on TV Justiça (a public channel) or the STF's official YouTube channel.
- Since 2020, justices
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