It sounds like you have a detailed understanding of UL's structure and its evolution over time. Let's break down some key points and explore the implications further:
Structure and Evolution
Pre-2012:
- Unified Not-for-Profit: From 1894 to 2012, Underwriters Laboratories (UL) was a single not-for-profit entity that handled safety science research, standards development, public advocacy, and product testing/certification.
Post-2012:
- Split into Two Entities: In 2012, UL split into two entities:
- UL Standards & Engagement (Not-for-Profit): This entity continues to handle safety science research, standards development, and public advocacy.
- UL Solutions (For-Profit): This entity handles product testing, inspection, certification, and other commercial services.
2014:
- Further Split into Three Entities: The structure evolved further:
- UL Standards & Engagement (Not-for-Profit): Focuses on standards development and research.
- UL Solutions (For-Profit): Engages in product testing, inspection, certification, and other commercial services
Read the full article at The Verge
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